Category: Writing

You are on the top of a mountain, freezing cold, snow, ice,howling winds and a little voice inside your head hints you that something bad is to come, What do you do? This is an example of foreshadowing. Foreshadowing is a language technique used in many movies /books to create tension within the reader. Foreshadowing can be used in many different ways to create tension and suspense within the reader to draw them into the text. These texts are Into thin air by Jon krakauer, Touching the Void by Joe Simpson, The shawshank redemption directed by Frank Darabont, And the lord of the flies by WIlliam Golding. These texts all show how foreshadowing creates tension within the reader in many different settings and styles to draw the reader further into the text and what these different uses of foreshadowing teach us about human nature.

In the text Into thin air by Jon Krakauer. The author places many hints within the book to explain what could happen later in the text. Jon uses foreshadowing in the book into thin air through extreme and stressful situations to create tension within the reader. Foreshadowing in extreme and stressful situations is seen throughout the book into thin air but it is most evident when leading up to Rob hall’s expedition up Mount Everest when Rob Hall’s expedition is down at base camp, where the climbers are suffering from the high altitude and are nervous for the climb to come and Rob is talking to his fellow climbers about and the book states that ” Hall, Harris and Litch were in complete agreement that sooner or later a major disaster involving a large number of clients was “inevitable” But, said Litch— who had climbed Everest from Tibet the previous spring— “Rob’s feeling was that it wouldn’t be him.” This quote shows that Rob new that an accident was going to happen one day but he was to selfish to realise that it could be his group. this is foreshadowing that Robs group will get caught up in this major disaster that Rob and his climbing partners foreshadowed. This teaches us about human nature that in extreme and stressful situations in times where we think an accident could happen people still go ahead with the mindset that it’s not going to be me because they are to selfish or naive to understand the risks. When rob states just before the climb ” With enough determination, any bloody idiot can get up this hill”…”The trick is to get back down alive” This quote teaches the reader that to get up the mountain you need determination but to get down you need a lot more than that this such as skill, experience, and determination. foreshadows the problems on the peak of everest because rob was leading up a rather unskillful crew of climbers who had a lot of determination to get up the hill.But lacked the skill to survive the downhill. This teaches us about human nature that when we are in an extreme or stressful situation and we get to the top of something we think that we’ve conquered it or that’s the hard bit done whereas the downhill or decent in most cases is the one where most people get into trouble and accidents occur. And that is exactly what happened to rob hall’s expedition . These uses of foreshadowing through extreme situations helps to build tension within the reader, because it makes the reader wonder what is going to happen next in the text and what could go wrong. This pulls the reader in and creates tension because the main characters lives are being threatened/ foreshadowed to have an accident. This makes the reader read on because they want to see how the text plays out because of the use of foreshadowing in extreme situations

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Touching the void by Joe Simpson creates tension within the reader by creating foreshadowing. This foreshadowing is evident in extreme situations where the characters are under immense pressure/ stress to get out of a potentially dangerous situation. Foreshadowing through extreme situations is present all throughout the book, however leading up to the climax when simon is lowering Joe down the harsh environments of the west face of siula le grande where Joe has just broken his leg shows the most foreshadowing as the author is building up the tension within the reader up to the climax of the book. This is shown by the quote, “It was the slope. . Of course! I should have thought of it earlier. It was now much steeper, and that could only mean one thing- I was approaching another drop.” This quote shows that Joe finally realised that something was wrong. This creates tension within the reader as Joe is in a very extreme situation and it makes the reader wonder what is going to happen next in the text and what the main characters of Joe and Simon are about to experience. This quote is further supported by the quote ““He’s trying to be quick…. That’s all. I knew it to be true, but there was still something wrong.” This quote also shows how Joe new that something was going to go wrong. This creates tension within the reader in this extreme situation because it makes the reader wonder what is going to go wrong. It also puts the reader into the main characters shoes making them wonder what they would have done differently in this situation, creating tension. These two quotes that build tension within the reader teach us about human nature that in times of great tension or stress our moral compass will think ahead and give us hints or tell us what is going to happen next so we can figure out ways to get out of the extreme situation. And this is exactly what happened as Joe was about to be lowered of the cliff into the void however he couldn’t do anything to stop himself. This part of the text in Touching the Void as the characters Joe and simon are going through a extreme situation creates tension within the readers by using foreshadowing. Joe uses foreshadowing in this part of the text as the characters are in a extreme situation to help build up tension within the reader leading up to the climax of the book. In comparison the text Touching the void by Joe Krakener is very similar in the way that it creates tension within the viewers through foreshadowing. This is because in both books the characters are going through extreme situations up on the faces of Siula le grand and Everest. This is show when rob hall’s expedition is in the extreme environment of the everest base camp foreshadows the fatal decent that he and his expedition would go through as they descend Mount Everest in a raging full force storm. These both create tension in similar ways by using foreshadowing to make the reader wonder what is going to happen next. This creates tension within the reader leading up to the climaxes of both texts to draw the reader in. These two texts teach us a lot about how human nature relates to foreshadowing, Because in both these texts the characters are given hints from there moral compass to tell them what is going to happen next in the text through the use of foreshadowing by the author of both texts.

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The movie the Shawshank redemption, directed by Frank Darabont creates tension within the reader by using foreshadowing. Frank uses foreshadowing in this movie to create tension within the reader by giving them hints of hope/ false hope that one day Andy would escape from the shawshank prison. Foreshadowing is used throughout the text however at the start of the text as Andy has been convicted  for the murder of his wife and her boyfriend and he has just been sent to the Shawshank prison, the warden comes around each of the new inmates cells giving them the bible and the warden says to andy that ” salvation lies within,” while referring to the bible That is given to every new inmate. This is foreshadowing Andy’s escape because he had a small rock hammer hidden inside the bible that ultimately helped him escape to his salvation by digging through a concrete wall with the rock hammer. This quote builds tension within the reader because it gives the reader hope that one day Andy will escape from the Shawshank prison to his salvation. Another foreshadowing quote that builds tension in the reader is the quote narrated by red andys friend “I have to remind myself that some birds aren’t meant to be caged: their feathers are just too bright”. This quote foreshadows andy’s escape because Andy wasn’t meant to go to Jail as he didn’t kill his wife and her boyfriend, that we later learn in the text. This teaches the reader that some people aren’t meant to be locked up in jail but the ones that are, are the ones that try the hardest to get out. This builds tension within the reader because it gives the reader hope that Andy will escape but it also builds tension by making the reader angry/annoyed at the present day justice system that sends people away for crimes that they didn’t commit. It also makes the reader wonder what they would do if they got locked away for a crime that they didn’t commit. Another quote that foreshadows Andy’s escape by giving the reader hope is when red and Andy are talking about what they are going to do after prison, and red says “shitty pipe dreams,” Which is foreshadowing that andy will escape through a sewer pipe. This creates tension within the reader because it gives the reader hope as well as making the reader want to see how it all pans out. The movie the shawshank redemption creates tension within the reader by giving the reader hope that Andy will escape from the Shawshank prison because he has been committed for a crime that he never did. This creates tension because it makes the reader wonder how andy is going to escape. It also puts the reader in andys shoes, making them wonder what they would do if they were in this situation. In comparison with the text touching the void and Into thin air, the shawshank redemption creates tension within the reader differently. This is because the director, Frank Darabont uses foreshadowing by giving the reader hope that Andy will escape from prison to create tension within the reader. Compared to the book touching the void and Into thin air, where the author, Joe simpson ( touching the void) and Jon Krakauer ( into thin air) uses foreshadowing in extreme situations such as on the top of a mountain in a storm or lowering someone down a mountain with a broken leg in -40 degree temperatures to create tension within the reader by making them wonder what is going to happen to the characters next in the text ad what they are going to do to stop it. These two texts also teach us a lesson about human nature that no matter what the situation is or how serious it is the use of foreshadowing can help give you hope that you will get out the other side, even if your on the top of a mountain of locked away in a maximum security prison.

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The text the lord of the flies by William Golding uses foreshadowing through out the text to create tension within the reader up to the climax of the book. The Author William golding uses foreshadowing through the use of false foreshadowing to build tension within the reader leading up to the climax of the text. This use of false foreshadowing is used by william in specific situations throughout the text. One of these specific situations is when piggy, Ralph’s friend is killed by another group of children that are living on the island. And the Conch the only control ralph had left was shattered” But the boulder strikes Piggy, shatters the conch shell he is holding,” this quote shows the moment where piggy is killed and the conch is broken This foreshadows that Ralph will have a harsh ending in the text as piggy was ralphs only friend left so without piggy the reader is almost certain that ralph will perish as well as having no control over the other kids because he has lost his conch, which was a signage of his leadership so without it he was nothing. This builds tension within the reader because they want to see how the text pans out. However with the use of false foreshadowing William Golding goes against the readers thoughts and portrays a different ending, a ending where Ralph doesn’t perish. This builds up tension within the reader because the quick plot twist caused by the false foreshadowing draws the reader in and builds up tension within the text up to the climax of the text where ralph is rescued. This teaches us about human nature that in times of great dilema or stress we have a way of getting around or passed it and ultimately get out the otherside a better person than we once were, and this is exactly what happened to Ralph in this text. In comparison to the text the shawshank redemption directed by Frank Darabont, William Golding uses a different method of foreshadowing to create tension within the readers/viewers by using false foreshadowing to portray a different ending of the text to the one that was foreshadowed compared to to how frank Darabont uses hope to build tension within the reader.  However these two different uses of foreshadowing both create tension within the reader in equal ways to draw the reader into the text leading up to the climax of the text. However these two uses of foreshadowing in these texts teach us a different lessons about human nature as to how people will react different ways in different situations. 

Conclusion

Weather it’s through an extreme situation thousands of feet above sea level, attempting to escape from a maximum security prison through a sewer pipe, or being abandoned on a barren island with a bunch of feral kids, foreshadowing always draws the reader further into the book by creating tension through different circumstances. This is shown through the texts Into thin air by Jon Krakauer, Touching the void by Joe Simpson, The Shawshank redemption directed by Frank Darabont, and the lord of the flies by William golding. In all of these texts the main characters are put through Countless varying situations that involve foreshadowing to create different types of foreshadowing within the reader. All of these texts show similar and different types of foreshadowing to build tension in the reader  to ultimately draw the reader into the text. As well as teaching us different lessons about human nature.

In the text Into thin air by Jon Krakauer. The author places many hints within the book to explain what could happen later in the text. Jon uses foreshadowing in the book into thin air through extreme and stressful situations to create tension within the reader. Foreshadowing in extreme and stressful situations is seen throughout the book into thin air but it is most evident when leading up to Rob halls expedition up Mount Everest when Rob Halls expedition is down at base camp, where the climbers are suffering from the high altitude and are nervous for the climb to come and Rob is talking to his fellow climbers about and the book states that ” Hall, Harris and Litch were in complete agreement that sooner or later a major disaster involving a large number of clients was “inevitable” But, said Litch— who had climbed Everest from Tibet the previous spring— “Rob’s feeling was that it wouldn’t be him.” This quote shows that Rob new that an accident was going to happen one day but he was to selfish to realise that it could be his group. this is foreshadowing that Robs group will get caught up in this major disaster that Rob and his climbing partners foreshadowed. This teaches us about human nature that in extreme and stressful situations in times where we think an accident could happen people still go ahead with the mindset that it’s not going to be me because they are to selfish or naive to understand the risks. When rob states just before the climb ” With enough determination, any bloody idiot can get up this hill”…”The trick is to get back down alive” This quote teaches the reader that to get up the mountain you need determination but to get down you need a lot more than that this such as skill, experience, and determination. foreshadows the problems on the peak of everest because rob was leading up a rather unskillful crew of climbers who had a lot of determination to get up the hill.But lacked the skill to survive the downhill. This teaches us about human nature that when we are in an extreme or stressful situation and we get to the top of something we think that we’ve conquered it or that’s the hard bit done whereas the downhill or decent in most cases is the one where most people get into trouble and accidents occur. And that is exactly what happened to rob hall’s expedition . These uses of foreshadowing through extreme situations helps to build tension within the reader, because it makes the reader wonder what is going to happen next in the text and what could go wrong. This pulls the reader in and creates tension because the main characters lives are being threatened/ foreshadowed to have an accident. This makes the reader read on because they want to see how the text plays out because of the use of foreshadowing in extreme situations

Text 2

Touching the void by Joe Simpson creates tension within the reader by creating foreshadowing. This foreshadowing is evident in extreme situations where the characters are under immense pressure/ stress to get out of a potentially dangerous situation. Foreshadowing through extreme situations is present all throughout the book, however leading up to the climax when simon is lowering Joe down the harsh environments of the west face of siula le grande where Joe has just broken his leg shows the most foreshadowing as the author is building up the tension within the reader up to the climax of the book. This is shown by the quote, “It was the slope. . Of course! I should have thought of it earlier. It was now much steeper, and that could only mean one thing- I was approaching another drop.” This quote shows that Joe finally realised that something was wrong. This creates tension within the reader as Joe is in a very extreme situation and it makes the reader wonder what is going to happen next in the text and what the main characters of Joe and Simon are about to experience. This quote is further supported by the quote ““He’s trying to be quick…. That’s all. I knew it to be true, but there was still something wrong.” This quote also shows how Joe new that something was going to go wrong. This creates tension within the reader in this extreme situation because it makes the reader wonder what is going to go wrong. It also puts the reader into the main characters shoes making them wonder what they would have done differently in this situation, creating tension. These two quotes teach us about human nature that in times of great tension or stress our morale compass will think ahead and give us hints or tell us what is going to happen next so we can figure out ways to get out of the extreme situation. And this is exactly what happened as Joe was about to be lowered of the cliff into the void however he couldn’t do anything to stop himself. This part of the text in Touching the Void as the characters Joe and simon are going through a extreme situation creates tension within the readers by using foreshadowing. Joe uses foreshadowing in this part of the text as the characters are in a extreme situation to help build up tension within the reader leading up to the climax of the book. In comparison the text Touching the void by Joe Krakener is very similar in the way that it creates tension within the viewers through foreshadowing. This is because in both books the characters are going through extreme situations up on the faces of Siula le grand and Everest. This is show when rob halls expedition is in the extreme environment of the everest base camp foreshadows the fatal decent that he and his expedition would go through as they decend Mount Everest in a raging full force storm. These both create tension in similar ways by using foreshadowing to make the reader wonder what is going to happen next. This creates tension within the reader leading up to the climaxes of both texts to draw the reader in.     

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The movie the Shawshank redemption, directed by Frank Darabont creates tension within the reader by using foreshadowing. Frank uses foreshadowing in this movie to create tension within the reader by giving them hints of hope/ false hope that one day Andy would escape from the shawshank prison. Foreshadowing is used through out the text however at the start of the text as Andy has been convicted  for the murder of his wife and her boyfriend and he has just been sent to the Shawshank prison, the warden comes around each of the new inmates cells giving them the bible and the warden says to andy that ” salvation lies within,” while referring to the bible That is given to every new inmate. This is foreshadowing Andy’s escape because he had a small rock hammer hidden inside the bible that ultimately helped him escape to his salvation by digging through a concrete wall with the rock hammer. This quote builds tension within the reader because it gives the reader hope that one day Andy will escape from the Shawshank prison to his salvation. Another foreshadowing quote that builds tension in the reader is the quote narrated by red andys friend “I have to remind myself that some birds aren’t meant to be caged: their feathers are just too bright”. This quote foreshadows andys escape because Andy wasn’t meant to go to Jail as he didn’t kill his wife and her boy friend, that we later learn in the text. This teaches the reader that some people aren’t meant to be locked up in jail but the ones that are, are the ones that try the hardest to get out. This builds tension within the reader because it gives the reader hope that Andy will escape but it also builds tension by making the reader angry/annoyed at the present day justice system that sends people away for crimes that they didn’t commit. It also makes the reader wonder what they would do if they got locked away for a crime that they didn’t commit. Another quote that foreshadows Andys escape by giving the reader hope is when red and Andy are talking about what they are going to do after prison, and red says “shitty pipe dreams,” Which is foreshadowing that andy will escape through a sewer pipe. This creates tension within the reader because it gives the reader hope as well as making the reader want to see how it all pans out. The movie the shawshank redemption creates tension within the reader by giving the reader hope that Andy will escape from the Shawshank prison because he has been committed for a crime that he never did. This creates tension because it makes the reader wonder how andy is going to escape. It also puts the reader in andys shoes, making them wonder what they would do if they were in this situation. In comparison with the text touching the void and Into thin air, the shawshank redemption creates tension within the reader differently. This is because the director, Frank Darabont uses foreshadowing by giving the reader hope that Andy will escape from prison to create tension within the reader. Compared to the book touching the void and Into thin air, where the author, Joe simpson ( touching the void) and Jon Krakauer ( into thin air) uses foreshadowing in extreme situations such as on the top of a mountain in a storm or lowering someone down a mountain with a broken leg in -40 degree temperatures to create tension within the reader by making them wonder what is going to happen to the characters next in the text ad what they are going to do to stop it.

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The text the lord of the flies by SOMEONE uses foreshadowing through out the text to create tension within the reader up to the climax of the book. The Author SOMEONE uses foreshadowing through the characters extreme situations to build tension within the reader leading up to the climax of the text 

IntroStart: How many of you would take a performance enhancing drug if it guaranteed you success at the international level? would you still take this drug if I told you that you would die five years later? well a test was carried out by bob Goldman asking those very questions and 98% of the athletes said that they would take the drug on the first question and over 50% said that they would still take the drug if they were to die five years later. doping is becoming quite a serious problem in the game of sport with thousands of elite athletes each year using chemicals to enhance their performance. I believe that if we want to stop this problem then we have to start with younger generations. We can do this by testing all college athletes for performance enhancing drugs. During my speech I will try to convince you of this by talking about how drugs are visible across a wide array of sports, how dangerous they are and why they are unfair, why athletes use them, what is happening at the college level, and why it should be compulsory.

first topic: drugs are visible across a wide array of sports

doping is slowly but surely ruining the entire professional sports world, it is present in nearly all commonly played sports ranging from cycling, to rugby, and in almost all other professional sports. If it is not stopped soon sports as we know it will be full of chemically enhanced cheats that will cause sports as we know it to collapse in a burning heap. Some recent examples of doping in sports include the scandal involving Valerie adams in the 2010 world indoor champs and 2012 olympics in London got second to the Belarusian nadzeya ostapchuk who was later tested positive for performance enhancing drugs. She was later tested positive for performance enhancing drugs and stripped of all her titles. How many of you can remember the massive doping scandal of the rio 2016 olympic games where Russia had 111 athletes banned because of a state sponsored doping program. Another case of doping was found when the Washington university school of medicine carried out an investigation on 644 retired football players and found that an astounding 52% of them confessed to taking an opioid ( a pain relief drug ) to aid their performance and 71% of those users stated that they misused that drug extensively to enhance their performance illegally. From these examples we can see that ped use is visible across a wide array of sports and how it is becoming a very serious problem.

second topic: how dangerous they are and why it is unfair to use them.

performance enhancing drugs are not only extremely detrimental to your health but they are also starting to give sports such as road cycling the stereotypes of being cheaters. Performance enhancing drugs are commonly regarded as being unethical and unfair, and that is because they are. The athletes that are using them are injecting themselves with chemicals that have extremely dangerous side effects and being as far of ethical as you can get. And to put it into perspective would you inject yourself with an unknown chemical every day? There are many types of doping but the main types and methods that improve your performance and the dangers of taking them are EPO:  Epo or erythropoietin is a hormone injected into the body that increases the reproduction of red blood cells, this means that the amount of oxygen taken in by your body is increased. The side effects of epo are very serious and can lead to seizures and can also increase the chance of heart attacks and strokes. BLOOD DOPING: blood doping is the injection of oxygenated blood into your body to increase the amount of oxygen the person taking the drug is able to take in. Dangers. Risk of blood diseases such as AIDs and hepatitis, more susceptible to strokes and blood clots. Anabolic Steroids: Anabolic steroids are used to increase your muscle mass and to strengthen your muscles. These steroids tho have very detrimental side effects with problems such as liver failure, kidney damage, and an increase in the chances of strokes or heart attacks. From this information we can see how doping is extremely risky with the side effects and it makes me wonder is it even worth it, that little bit of an edge over your opponents compared to the deadly side effects  

third topic: why athletes do it

Athletes take performance enhancing drugs for many different reasons  but the main reason I believe is the competitive nature of sport. How many of you have on the playing field got upset because you lost a game? well that is your competitive nature and it is these elite athletes competitive nature that is leading them on the path of illegally doping. An example that leads on to competitive nature being the main reason that athletes dope is when 8 in ten ex footballers that were questioned in an interview by the Washington university school of medicine announced that they had used a masking agent to dull the pain in the affected area to deal with pain gained from an injury sustained from football. Of these ex players 68% said that reason was down to the NFL’s competitive culture. This fact shows the pressure that is put on the athlete from the competitive nature of sport and how it can force athletes to dope.  

fourth topic: what is happening at the college level:

doping at the college level has only come in to view in the last couple of years. And since then it has grown rapidly and if it is not stopped soon it could take over the entire college sporting world. For example the associated press analysed the weight records of 61000 college football players from all the 120 college football teams and found that over 4700 of them had rapidly put on mass of around 20-25 pounds thats over 11kgs but even more shockingly they found results that showed over 100 football players had gained weight of around 80 pounds that’s over 36 kgs in one year. Either that’s a whole load of junk food or these athletes are illegally taking banned steroids to enhance their performance on the football field. Another shocking study carried out by the Canadian centre for drug free sport estimated that 83000 children between the ages 11 and 18 have used a anabolic steroid in the last 12 months. That is over 10 times the population of Wanaka. From these facts that I personally found surprising at the least. we can see that doping is quickly becoming a problem at the college level and before it becomes out of hand. it needs to be stopped soon.   

fifth topic: why it needs to be compulsory:

Testing for performance enhancing drugs needs to be compulsory at a college level. doing this will mean that we will stop the problem before it will even get the chance to start. This is because we have higher levels of illegal doping at the college level than there is at the elite level. For example  2% of all elite athletes have emitted to having taken any banned substance on the wada or world anti doping agency  list over the last 5 years. However 6.6% of high school students have admitted to taking anabolic steroids in the last 8 years. This information shows how we have more athletes doping at the college level in this case than overall elite athletes. The reason these compulsory tests aren’t in place at the moment is because there is actually some sanctions in place for random drug tests to take place on the odd occasion at large sporting events. These tests are based off the placings and maybe one or two other random tests. The purpose of these is not to humiliate the users but to divert the users away from performance enhancing drugs. But don’t you think that it would be much more effective if it was compulsory for high level college athletes to be tested?   

conclusion:

Although it would be expensive and might not have the highest rate of results i’m sure most of you would rather your tax money was spent on this cause that would drastically decrease the number of not only college doppers but on the entire elite level of athletes. Improving the fairness and quality of the sport as we know it. Than some stupid government plan to change the flag. In my opinion I believe that we should place laws that makes it compulsory for college athletes to be tested for performance enhancing drugs. And after listening to my speech that covered how drugs are visible all around us, how dangerous they are and why they are unfair, why athletes use them, what is happening at the college level, and why it should be compulsory at the college level. I hope that you will agree with me. I believe that if we want to end doping in sport then we have to act now!      

 

symbolism is used vastly throughout this text to add additional meaning to the text and to act as motivation for the characters. Light has been used throughout the text as a symbol, but it hasn’t been as prominent as it is in this scenario. When Joe falls into the crevasse he loses all hope of getting out because he sees no possible way of escape, this is till he descends further into the crevasse and finds a beam of light coming through the crevasse. This beam of light is used as joes motivation to get out of the crevasse, it is also in a way was his connection to the real world outside the crevasse. This is shown by the quote on page 132″I was mesmerised by this beam of sunlight burning through the vaulted ceiling from the real world outside.” This quote explains how joe feels that he has been separated from the real world by this crevasse and the beam of light that is shining through is his connection to it. Joe also uses the beam of light as his motivation to get out of the glacier. This is shown by the quote on page 135 ” It had me now, and without the sunbeam I might have sat there numbed and defeated by its implacable stillness.” This quote shows that if it weren’t for the light joe wouldn’t have the energy or motivation to start the climb out of the crevasse.

The voice is used as another symbol in this part of the text. The voice is significant in his part of the text because considering Joes situation and current state it seems to guide him on his way telling him what to do in times of need. A prime example is after  joe climbs out of the crevasse and is trying to get back to camp and his mind is forcing him to think negative thoughts, the voice kicks in and helps him on his way ” The voice told me exactly how to go about it, and I obayed while my other mind jumped abstractedly from one idea to another.” This quote shows how the voice over ruled joe’s thoughts and told him how and what he should do to get down the mountain. This voice is crucial in this part of the text because without it Joe possibly wouldn’t have as good of a chance of getting off the mountain, because of all the negative thoughts that are going through his mind. For example ” The crevasse had only been a starter! How foolish to have thought that I had done it, that I was safe!” This quote shows how Joes mind is telling him that it is not over and that it will still be a hard slog to get off the mountain that his mind thinks that he can’t do it.

Mood and tone play a massive part in this section of the text. Mood refers to the atmosphere of the chosen text whereas tone refers to the author/narrator’s attitude in the specific piece of the text. In this part of the text the mood and tone is mostly negative with the characters both going through a challenging time to make it back to the campsite. This is portrayed by the quote ““I stared at the mountain rising over me. Empty. It was a pointless thing to have done – climb up it, across it, and down it. Stupid! It looked perfect; so clean and untouched, and we had changed nothing, It was beautiful, immaculate, but it left me empty. I had been on it too long, and it had taken everything.” Page 117. This part of the text has a particularly negative mood using negative words such as Empty, Stupid!, Everything. These words give the reader a negative feel putting them in a negative state of mind, this helps to draw them into the book. It is also has a negative feel by using many minor sentences, minor sentences are short sharp sentences that don’t fully make sense but are full of information. In this case Joe uses words that have negative moods to them in his minor sentences. For example, Empty.,Stupid!, these sentences also help the reader to discover the mood of this specific text. The tone of this part of the text is based off Joe questioning himself on the decisions that he made earlier in the text, and cursing himself on how and why he did the     

1. Contrast is used in this section of the text to show joes feelings, emotions and experiences and how they change to contrast his feelings later on in the text. This assists the reader in understanding how joe is feeling and the emotions that he is going through by showing how joes emotions and feelings are ever changing, This goes from Joe thinking that he would fall into the dark abyss below him and then being amazed that he had survived his previous fall into the void. An example of this is when Joe stated earlier in the book that he was certain that him and Simon had no chance of making it off the mountain alive, shown by the quote from Joe ” I accepted that I was to die. There was no alternative,” This quote explains how Joe thought that there was no way that him and Simon were going to survive because of their previous ordeal  But this lead to another quote later on in the book after Joe had fallen into the crevasse ” Simon… I couldn’t conceive of him dead, not now, not after I’ve survived ,” This quote explains how Joe has now survived a near death experience so it meant that Joe now thought that they had a fighting chance for survival and he hoped that him and simon would get off this mountain alive. These two quotes show contrast in joes feelings and emotions from skipping from dying to surviving. These quotes also assist in the readers understanding of the characters because it shows how unstable joe is at the present time with his emotions constantly changing
2. The rope in this part of the text acts as the connection between the two climbers and in this case the line of hope. As joe falls into the crevasse he doesn’t realise that the rope is cut and comes to the point that he could escape out of the crevasse using the rope, It is like the rope it the only hope Joe has of getting out of the crevasse. This is shown by the quote “I pulled steadily, and as I did so I became excited. This was my chance to escape.”  This quote explains that Joe built up all his hope for the rope to be connected to simon so he could escape, This made him excited and very hopeful. But as joe keeps pulling in the rope it falls over the lip and he realises that it is not connected to any thing and that it has been cut. This is shown by the quote from Joe “I saw the rope flick down, and my hopes sank.” This quote shows how Joe put all his hope in the rope and when he realised that it had been cut he lost all hope in getting out of the crevasse as he thought it was his only ticket out.

When Joe shatters his knee joint it is one of the most climactic parts of the text. Language features and writing style techniques are used in this specific piece of text to build up the tension to the climax, This draws the reader in engaging them to the book. One of the main language features used in this part of the text is emotive language. Emotive language is used in this part of the text to have an emotional effect on the reader by relating it to past experiences that the reader has had. This causes tension to build in the text. An example of emotive words used in this specific piece of text would be words like “pain, fierce burning flame, gasping.” these words also show how the character is feeling and what is happening inside his/her body. Another language feature the author used to draw the reader into the book and to build up the tension is foreshadowing. Foreshadowing is where the author gives away small hints in the text leading up to the problem. In this case Joe states in the book a few pages before the accident that “I knew it was going to be a good day.” This is foreshadowing for me because the reader now thinks that the characters are going to have a good day it makes the tension build even more as the reader starts to realise that today is not going to be a good day for the characters it comes as a surprise so the tension is built faster and to a higher level. Another piece of foreshadowing in the text is when the two characters joe and simon go through there morning ritual and discover that they have run out of gas “the gas was all used up in the breakfast routine.” This quote is also foreshadowing for me because it shows that the two climbers have run out of their resources meaning that if they get into trouble their situation will be serious because they have no means of making water.

The purpose of having simons perspective in this part of the text was to justify the reasons why he did what he did and to also give the readers another point of view in the text to agree/ disagree with. As this disaster plays out, Joe and simons relationship deteriorates to the relationship of every man for themselves every man for himself, this is shown by the quote” I couldn’t help him, and it occurred to me that he would fall to his death.” and also the quote “In a way I hoped he would fall.” these quotes show how joe was slowing down simon, meaning that simons chances of survival were dropping as he was with joe. It also shows that simon is aware of this and how he in a way would like to leave simon to ensure his survival. Foreshadowing also played a massive part in this text in predicting what simon may do in difficult situation

1. State your point/topic (first sentence): e.g Simons narration is significant in Disaster-chapter 5
2. Expand with relevant background detail: e.g Simons narration is told through Joes perspective, however Simon validated Joes account as ‘ fair and correct.” Simons voice reveals that he resented Joes injury and that he felt justified in distancing himself from Joe
3. Examples ( specific): e.g The text states ” quote….,”the reader is told” ……” it is revealed “………” words like “……..” the selected text “……….” tells us
4. Response (your response) : what does the reader learn?  what does the reader think/visualise/feel? what connections can the reader make to other experiences or contexts ? what is the overall purpose/message? can include a cross reference to a relevant situation,person, place, time e.g the reader understood from this narration that Simon is calculating the value of his life against Joes. he also treats the situation logically and considers the “odds” of their survival, if Joe is assisted down the mountain. This presents an interesting reality about human nature: should we risk our own life for others? when does our relationship or commitment to a person end? Is it excusable to relinquish responsibility when we are endangered ourselves?

Through the course of chapter six joe and simon are plagued with various problems to overcome. A prime example of one of the problems joe and simon faced while descending the mountain was frostbite. ” the blue thermal gloves stayed on my hand, ice frosted on to the fabric. Even through the gloves I could see hoe wooden my  fingers had become. They moved stiffly and all together, and refused to close into a ball.” This quote shows how Joe was facing a recurring problem of frostbite and how that meant that he was going through immense stages of pain when he tried to warm them up. This one problem could also lead to another problem because it means that the hands are completely useless from the blood being cut of by the frostbite. Another problem that joe and simon are hit with was spindrift avalanches, spindrift avalanches are small avalanches caused by lose powder and falling snow falling down the mountain, they can be dangerous but are mostly just small and short.  ” He reached me as another avalanche swept over us. We both ducked. ‘ bloody hell, that one before nearly knocked me off,” This quote explains how the weather is closing in on them and this is causing the spindrift avalanches to become bigger and bigger until they start to get dangerously large.

Joe recreates the tension when he is lowered over the fall by using the structural syntax or minor sentences. Minor sentences are used to create tension,  they do this by putting lots of them just before a climactic moment of the text to build up the tension. An example of a minor sentence is” nothing” and ” of course !” These quotes show how lots of small sentences can create tension by being very direct and informative but not yet quite making sense on its own

 

1. the pun ” on the edge,” is used effectively to summaries what happened in the chapter because it is a play on words meaning that someone or something is on a thin line and one step in the wrong direction could result in very bad consequences. In this case chapter 4 describes Joe and Simon as climbing along a ridge line where the wrong step could literally send both of them to their deaths. This can be seen by the quote ” There was a long section of tortured cornices and knife edged powder.” This quote shows how they were truly on the edge and how serious there situation was.
2. Imagery is used in this part of the text to create tension because it puts the reader in the characters shoes, it makes you feel what they’re feeling, see what they’re seeing, this means that when the character is in a stressful situation and under pressure it also makes you feel under pressure and have a sense of tension. This can be seen by the quote ” at that moment the snow wooshed away from under my feet and I dropped swiftly,” this quote puts you in the moment of the character and it makes you feel a rush of tension run through your body, It makes you feel as if you really were there and it actually happened to you